Grammar Focus #2 - Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan ( STTKD )Yogyakarta

❤ Past Tense VS Present Perfect Tense ❤

The difference between Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense is in the form of time, usage, time signal, and lies in the formula. Right now I will discuss one by one the difference ...

1.       Understanding

Past Tense/ simple past tense is a form of past tense to describe events that were carried out at a certain time in the past in a simple form, which is known. 

Present Perfect Tense is a time form used to describe an act at a certain time in the past, and when it is discussed the activity has been completed.

2.       Usage

Sentences that use past tense time form are used for :

·       Declare the deeds that have happened in the past and finished right then and there.

Exs: Elsa helped me last week.

·       State habits in the past and not now.

Exs: when my father young, he worked hard.

In the sentence that mnyatakan habit is replaced with a pattern

Subject + Used to + V1

Exs: when my father young, he used to work hard.

·       State the state of the past.

Exs: they were at home last night.

Sentences that use present perfect tense time form are used for :

·       To declare an act that the incident has not been completed.

Exs: I have written two letters this week.

·       Declare a new activity I happen so that the results or consequences can still be seen until time dibicarakanya.

Exs: I have written a my childhood.

·       To declare a completed deed at an indefinite time in the past, but the time of the event is unimportant, the importance of which is the result of its present deeds.

Exs: he has locked the door, and now I can not open it.

·       Declare a repeat action at a time that is not certain before now. Usually followed "before", "already", "ever", "never", "yet".

Exs: we have heard this before.

·       Declare a completed deed within a short period of time. Usually followed by the words "just", "finally", "at last".

Exs: I have just eaten with her.

·       State the activities that have occurred in the past and still and in the future.

Exs: my mother has been here since yesterday.

3.       Time Signal

Past Tense :

Time signal is often used simple past tense.
Yesterday	An hour ago
Last night	Just now
Last week	This noon
Last Sunday	This morning
A moment ago

Example :

I was ill yesterday.

They were sad last night.

Present Perfect Tense :

Time Signal is a sign of a signal that is often used in the form of the perfect present time tense.
Since	For
Since yesterday	For three days
Since last wee

There is also some time information that is before the past participle except the word "yet" located after the past participle.
Already	Occasionally
Yet	Often
Just	Usually
Ever	Always
Never	Almost
Sometimes

The time statement is located at the end of the sentence.
Before	Lately
Recently	So far

Example :

We have just arrived in Surabaya

Have you ever gone to Blitar?

He has been very busy recently.

4.       Formula

Past Tense

Verbal Sentence : sentences that contain the verb (verb), or in other words the verbal sentence is a sentence that predicate is a verb (verb). for past tense using verb 2 on positive sentence and verb 1 on negative and introgative sentences.

Verbal sentence patterns used are:

( + )     Subyek + Past Tense ( V2 )

( - )      Subyek + Did + Not + V1

( ? )      Did + Subyek + V1?

Example 

( + )     They claned the classroom yesterday.

( - )      They did not clean the classroom yesterday.

( ? )      Did they clean the classroom yesterday?

Nominal Sentence : sentences that predicate is not a verb or in other words the nominal sentence is a sentence that predikat form tobe. The subject of the sentence (plural or singular), and followed were / was after the subyek.

The pattern in the nominal sentence used is:

( + )     Subyek + Were (You/We/They) + Non Verb

            Subyek + Was (I, He, She, It) + Non Verb

( - )      Subyek + Were (You/We/They) +  Not + Non Verb

            Subyek + Was (I, He, She, It) + Not + Non Verb

( ? )     Were (You/We/They)+ Subyek +Non Verb ?

            Was (I, He, She, It)+ Subyek + Non Verb ?

Example :

( + )       We were happy last night.

( - )        We were  not happy last night.

( ? )       Were we happy last night?

❤ Verbal Sentence  and Nominal Sentence Present Perfect ❤

Present Perfect Tense

Verbal Sentence : sentences that contain the verb (verb), or in other words the verbal sentence is a sentence that predicate is a verb (verb). for a Perfect Tense Present using Verb 3 or Past Participle.

Verbal sentence patterns used are:

( + )       Subyek + Have (I, We, You, They ) + Past Participle ( V3 )

             Subyek + Has ( He, She, It ) + Past Participle ( V3 )

( - )       Subyek + Have (I, We, You, They ) + Not + Past Participle ( V3 )

             Subyek + Has ( He, She, It ) + Not  + Past Participle ( V3 )

( ? )       Have (I, We, You, They ) + Subyek +  Past Participle ( V3 )?

              Has ( He, She, It ) + Subyek + Past Participle ( V3 )?

Example :

( + )      We have whistled with Romeo for five years.

  She has vied in here for two  years.

( - )       We have not whistled with Romeo for five years.

  She has not vied in here for two  years.

( ? )      Have we whistled with Romeo for five years?

  Has she vied in here for two  years?

Paired "Have" and "Has" forms can be shortened to:

I have                     = I’ve

We have                = we’ve

They have             = they’ve

You have               = you’ve

She has                 = she’s

He has                   = he’s

It has                      = it’s

Nominal sentence : sentences that predicate is not a verb or in other words the nominal sentence is a sentence that predikatnya form tobe. The use of this tobe depends on the use of tenses and depends on the Subject of the sentence (plural or singular).

The pattern in the nominal sentence used is:

( + )       Subyek + Have (I, We, You, They ) + Been + Non Verb

              Subyek + Has ( He, She, It ) + Been + Non Verb

( - )        Subyek + Have (I, We, You, They ) + Not + Been + Non Verb

              Subyek + Has ( He, She, It ) + Been + Not + Non Verb

( ? )        Have (I, We, You, They ) Subyek + + Been + Non Verb ?

              Has ( He, She, It ) +Subyek + Been + Non Verb ?

Example:

( + )        Siska has been in Yogyakarta for one years.

               I have been here since yesterday.

( - )         Siska has not been in Yogyakarta for one years.

               I  have not been here since yesterday.

( ? )        Has Siska been in Yogyakarta for one years?

               Have I been here since yesterday?

Thanks You ❤❤❤❤