Grammar Fokus #1 - Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kedirgantaraan ( STTKD )Yogyakarta

Past Tense❤
okay guys, back again in my blog this time I will discuss about verbal sentences, nominal sentences, past tense, and irregular and regular verb. May be beneficial to us all.

Verbal Sentence : sentences that contain the verb (verb), or in other words the verbal sentence is a sentence that predicate is a verb (verb).

Nominal Sentence : sentences that predicate is not a verb or in other words the nominal sentence is a sentence that predikatnya form tobe. The use of this tobe depends on the use of tenses and depends on the Subject of the sentence (plural or singular).

1. Simple Past / Past Tense is a form of past tense to describe events that were carried out at a certain time in the past in a simple form, which is known. 

Sentences that use past tense time form are used for : 

a. Declare the deeds that have happened in the past and finished right then and there.

b. State habits in the past and not now.

c. State the state of the past.

Verbal Sentence 

( + )     Subyek + Past Tense ( V2 )

( - )      Subyek + Did + Not + V1

( ? )      Did + Subyek + V1?

Example 

( + )     My friends learned to ride the motorcycle.

( - )      My friends did not learn to ride the motorcycle.

( ? )      Did my friends not learn to ride the motorcycle?

Nominal Sentence

( + )     Subyek + Were (You/We/They) + Non Verb

            Subyek + Was (I, He, She, It) + Non Verb

( - )      Subyek + Were (You/We/They) +  Not + Non Verb

            Subyek + Was (I, He, She, It) + Not + Non Verb

( ? )     Were (You/We/They)+ Subyek +Non Verb ?

            Was (I, He, She, It)+ Subyek + Non Verb ?

Example :

( + )        I was in the 5th grade of elementary school.

( - )         I was not in the 5th grade of elementary school.

( ? )        Was I in the 5th grade of elementary school?

2. Past Continuous Tense used to express acts, circumstances or events that have occurred at a latertime when other circumstances or acts occur.

Sentences that use Past Continous Tense time form are used for :

a. Stating an action that is in progress or happening in the past.

b. Expressing concurrent ongoing actions in the past, which have begun but are still ongoing when other activities follow in the past.

(+)       Subyek + Were (You/We/They) + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing  

            Subyek + Was (I, He, She, It) + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing

( - )      Subyek + Were (You/We/They) + Not + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing

            Subyek + Was (I, He, She, It) + Not +  Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing

( ? )      Were (You/We/They) + Subyek + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing ?

            Was (I, He, She, It) + Subyek + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing ?

Example :

( + )     We were talking and joking together.

( - )       We were not talking and joking together

( ? )      Were we talking and joking together?

3. Past Prefect Tense is a form of time to explain an act that has been completed in the past or describe an event that has occurred or happened first.

Sentences that use Past perfect Tense time form are used for :

a. Stating what happened in the past before other circumstances occurred. Earlier activities are expressed in the past perfect tense a  and subsequently expressed in the form of simple past tense, to relate them using the "when", "before", "after", "until". 

b. Answering the questions posed in the form of a simple past tense that uses the word "why". 

Verbal Sentence

Had is a past form of has, have, and can be used for all subjects.

( + )     Subyek + Had + Past Participle ( V3 )

( - )      Subyek + Had + Not + Past Participle ( V3 )

( ? )      Had + Subyek + Past Participle ( V3 ) ?

Example :

( + )     Elsa had washed clothes in the bathroom when I came.

( - )      Elsa had not washed clothes in the bathroom when I came.

( ? )      Had Elsa washed clothes in the bathroom when I came?

Nominal Sentence

( + )     Subyek + Had + Been + Non Verb

( - )      Subyek + Had + Not + Been + Non Verb

( ? )      Had + Subyek + Been + Non Verb?

Example :

( + )     My Parents had been there when the accident happened. 

( - )      My Parents had not been there when the accident happened.

( ? )      Had my parents been there when the accident happened?

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense is the form of time used to declare an act that has begun and is still in the past.

( + )     Subyek + Had + Been + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing

( - )      Subyek + Had + Not +Been + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing

( ? )      Had + Subyek + Been + Infinitive (Present Participle) + Ing ?

Example :

( + )     They had been living my grandma house for two days when I came.  

( - )      They had not been living my grandma house for two days when I came.  

( ? )      Had they been living my grandma house for two days when I came?

Regular dan Irregular Verbs❤

1. Regular verbs is a verb form that follows normal rules by adding -d, -ied, and -ed to the first form verbs to be a past tense and a past participle.

In regular verb there are 4 rules that is,                

a.       Verbs terminated by consonants b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, z  followed by –ed.

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Add	Added	Added
Call	Called	Called
Earn	Earned	Earned
Look	Looked	Looked
Lock	Locked	Locked

b.       Verbs ending in vocal e, followed by –d.

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Cause	Caused	Caused
Change	Changed	Changed
Fire	Fired	Fired
Juggle	Juggled	Juggled
Note	Noted	Noted

c.    Verbs ending in the letter "y", then replaced with -ied

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Identify	Identified	Identified
Carry	Carried	Carried
Justity	Justified	Justified
Unify	Unified	Unified
Worry	Worried	Worried

d.    Verbs ending in vowels "a, I, u, e, o" and followed by the consonant "y", then followed by -ed

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Obey	Obeyed	Obeyed
Destroy	Destroyed	Destroyed
Annoy	Annoyed	Annoyed
Play	Played	Played
Enjoy	Enjoyed	Enjoyed

2. Irregular Verb is a verb change that does not follow the rules, and to form the second and third verbs are not added -ed and -d therefore for irregular verbs must be memorized either.

In irregular verb there are 3 changes that is,

a. That does not change shape and sound.

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Cut	Cut	Cut
Let	Let	Let
Hit	Hit	Hit
Put	Put	Put
Reset	Reset	Reset

b. It has the same shape and sound in the second and third forms, but differs in the

first form.

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Feel	Felt	Felt
Mean	Meant	Meant
Meet	Met	Met
Melt	Melted	Melted
Pay	Paid	Paid

c.Has different shapes and sounds on the first, second, and third shapes.

Infinitive	Past Tense	Past Participle
Write	Wrote	Written
See	Saw	Seen
Lie	Lay	Lain
Go	Went	Gone
Eat	Ate	Eaten

Thanks You ❤❤❤